Iyi porogaramu yakozwe n’Ikigo cyo muri Israel kiri mu gace ka Herzliya cyitwa NSO Group. Cyashinzwe mu 2010 gitanga serivisi zijyanye n’ubwirinzi n’ubutasi bwifashisha ikoranabuhanga.

Bivugwa ko ishobora kwifashishwa mu kuneka abantu bakoresha telefoni za iOS na Android. Ikora muri telefoni za iPhone kugera ku ifite iOS ya 14,7.

Kugera mu mwaka ushize, byavugwaga ko Pegasus ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba yasoma ubutumwa bugufi bw’umuntu, ikagenzura telefoni ku buryo imenya abantu bayihamagaye n’abo yahamagaye, ikaba yakumviriza amajwi kandi ikareba muri Camera ya telefoni nyirayo atabizi.

Iri koranabuhanga bivugwa ko iyo rihujwe na nimero y’umuntu runaka, rihita ryibasira telefoni ye binyuze kuri WhatsApp n’izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa se mu gisa na “missed calls”.

Rishobora guha urikoresha password za nyiri telefoni, rikamufasha gusoma ubutumwa bwe no kumva ibyo avugana n’abandi.

Ikindi ni uko rishobora kwifashisha GPS rikerekana aho nyiri telefoni ari. Bivugwa ko rishobora kubona amakuru yo kuri telefoni z’ubwoko ubundi bizwi ko bwizewe ku mutekano nka iPhone cyangwa zikareba n’ubutumwa bwo kuri application zizwiho kuba zizewe kurusha izindi nka Signal.

Ku muntu ufite telefoni ikoresha camera, iri koranabuhanga rishobora gutuma yifungura ku buryo umuntu uri kurikoresha ashobora kubona amashusho y’aho nyirayo ari.

Pegasus igurishwa igihugu cyangwa imiryango itegamiye kuri leta. Mu kuyikoresha hagurwa uburenganzira (license). Bivugwa ko igiciro kizwi n’umuguzi n’ugurisha, gusa ngo license imwe ishobora kugura miliyoni 100 Frw.

Mu 2016, byavugwaga ko NSO Group yishyuzaga ibihumbi 650$ [asaga miliyoni 650 Frw] kuri telefoni cyangwa se mudasobwa 10. Gusa mbere habanza kwishyurwa ibihumbi 500$ (miliyoni zirenga 500 Frw) yo gushyira (installation) iyo porogaramu muri mudasobwa.

U Rwanda rwashinjwe kuyikoresha

Mu 2021, u Rwanda rwashyizwe mu majwi mu bihugu bikoresha iyo porogaramu cyo kimwe n’ibindi 10 birimo Mexique, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Hongrie, Togo, Maroc, u Buhinde, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu, Bahrain na Arabie Saoudite.

Bivugwa ko ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda hari abantu 3500 telefoni zabo zishobora kumvirizwa hakoreshejwe iyi porogaramu. Bivuze ko ubariye ku giciro cyishyurwa kuri telefoni 10, byaba bivuze ko hakwishyurwa miliyari zirenga 200 Frw mu kuneka izo telefoni 3500.

Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yavuze ko ibi birego ari ibinyoma bigamije guharabika igihugu no guteza urujijo mu baturarwanda.

Mu 2019 ubwo Pegasus yatangiraga kuvugwa mbere, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko iri koranabuhanga rivugwa ko u Rwanda rukoresha, afite amakuru ko rihenda kandi ubushobozi u Rwanda rufite ari ubwo gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa, kurusha kuyatanga ku muntu cyangwa ikibazo kidahari.

Ati “Hari umuntu nabonye bakoresheje ngo twakurikiranye uba mu Bwongereza. Namubonye ku ifoto bwa mbere, ntabwo nsanzwe muzi. Ntabwo natanze ayo mafaranga iryo koranabuhanga rigura mu gukurikirana umuntu udafite icyo adutwaye. Umuntu urwanira mu Bwongereza? Oya, njye mpangayikishwa n’aba baza mu Kinigi bakica abantu, nibo bampangayikisha ariko uwo wundi utunzwe na Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza, nta kazi afite, nta shingiro bifite.”

Perezida Kagame yavuze ko nta mpamvu ihari yatuma igihugu gitanga amafaranga y’umurengera ngo kiraneka umuntu, ahubwo amadolari make gifite cyayakoresha mu nzego nk’uburezi.

Yakomeje ati "Ariko dukora iperereza kandi tuzakomeza kurikora, niko ibihugu bikora, ntabwo ntekereza ko u Rwanda ari rwo rwasigara.”

“Ni ko tumenya ibintu, dufite amakuru menshi ku banzi bacu ndetse n’abafasha abanzi bacu, tubiziho byinshi ariko dukoresha ubushobozi bw’umuntu kandi ibyo tubifitiye ubumenyi bukomeye niba mutanabizi.”

Abantu 450 nibo bivugwa binjiriwe muri telefoni zabo bikozwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya Pegasus. Ni mu gihe abandi 1400 bo bakeka ko baba barinjiriwe gusa nta bihamya bafite bigaragaza ko koko byabaye.

Ku rundi ruhande, abantu 1850 bo mu bice bitandukanye ku Isi bivugwa ko bagizweho ingaruka n’ibikorwa by’ikigo cya NSO Group cyo muri Israel gifite ikoranabuhanga rya Pegasus kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka.

Carine Kanimba, umukobwa wa Paul Rusesabagina ni umwe muri abo bantu. Yavuze ko yahawe amakuru y’uko guhera muri Mutarama 2021, telefoni ye yumvirizwaga hakoreshejwe Pegasus.

Umuhanga mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, Jonathan Scott, ufite ubumenyi mu bijyanye no kugenzura ibyaha bikorerwa kuri telefoni, yavuganye na Kanimba, amwaka amakuru yose kugira ngo agenzure iby’uko yaba yarinjiriwe kuri telefoni.

Muri Raporo ye, yaje kwanzura ko “Nta kimenyetso na kimwe gishingiye kuri siyansi” kigaragaza ko telefoni ye ya iPhone yigeze yinjirirwa hakoresheje Pegasus.

Israel ivuga iki kuri Pegasus?

Umuyobozi mu Biro bishinzwe Ubuvugizi bwa Guverinoma muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Israel ukuriye ishami rishinzwe Igenamigambi n’Imishinga, Alon Lavi, yabajijwe ibijyanye n’imikorere ya Pegasus.

Lavi yasobanuye uburyo ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwirinzi n’intwaro bikorerwa muri Israel bigurishwa hanze y’igihugu.

Ati “Hari uburyo buhamye bujyanye no kwemeza ibijyanye no kugurisha ibikoresho bya gisirikare, bureba na Pegasus. Niba ngurishije Guverinoma y’igihugu runaka intwaro, nkaba naharaniye ko uzihawe ari urwego rwa leta, ko ari Guverinoma, ko itavugwa mu bikorwa byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu [...] niba ngurishije na Guverinoma runaka indege cyangwa intwaro runaka, ni yo iba ifite uburenganzira kuri zo.”

“Iyo tugurishije, tugurisha kuri guverinoma no ku nzego zayo. Niba bahisemo kuzikoresha mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ni ikibazo gikomeye.”

Magingo aya, Israel yabujije iki kigo kongera gucuruza Pegasus nyuma y’uko ivugiweho ko ikoreshwa mu buryo budakwiriye.

Lavi, yabajijwe byihariye niba igihugu cye cyarigeze kigurisha Pegasus ku Rwanda, asubiza ko nta makuru abifiteho.

Ati “Ni sosiyete ikora ubucuruzi igurisha ibyo bikoresho, ntabwo ari Guverinoma ntabwo yigeze igurisha igikoresho kimeze nka kiriya.”

Ubusanzwe Guverinoma ya Israel ifite uburyo igenzuramo ibijyanye n’intwaro zicuruzwa hanze yayo. Bitandukanye n’ibikorwa n’ibindi bihugu bicuruza intwaro, urugero nk’u Burusiya.

Abasobanukiwe iby’uru ruganda, basobanura ko u Burusiya nta buryo bufite bugenzuramo intwaro zigurishwa muri Afurika ahubwo zihabwa umuntu uwo ariwe wese ufite ubushobozi bwo kuba yakwishyura.

Umwe mu basobanukiwe iby’uru ruganda rw’intwaro muri Israel wabikozemo mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga itatu, yasobanuriye IGIHE ko Pegasus ifatwa nk’intwaro kimwe n’izindi.

Ubu buryo bw’icuruzwa ry’intwaro ntabwo bwahozeho muri iki gihugu, kuko bwatangiye ahagana mu 1990, kuko mbere yaho, zacuruzwaga ku muntu wese ufite amafaranga.
Imikorere mishya igena ko igihugu kigurishijwe izo ntwaro, gisabwa kwemera ko nta handi na cyo kizazigurisha, kikabisinyira mu nyandiko.

Iyo bigaragaye ko igihugu cyakoresheje intwaro cyaguze muri Israel mu bikorwa bibangamiye abaturage bacyo cyangwa se mu bindi bikorwa bibangamiye uburenganzira bwa muntu, bifatirwa ibihano.

Uwaganiriye na IGIHE yagize ati “Icyo gihe ntabwo dushobora kongera kuzibagurisha ukundi. Bashyirwa kuri lisiti y’umukara.”

Igenzura ry’uko intwaro zagurishijwe na Israel ku bindi bihugu zikoreshwa neza, rikorwa bigizwemo uruhare na Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Ingabo.

Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga imenyesha iy’Ingabo ko igihugu runaka kiri gukoresha intwaro mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibyemejwe birahanirwa.

Ati “Icyo nakwizeza ni uko Israel ifite uburyo buri mu bwa mbere bwizewe ku Isi mu bijyanye n’icuruzwa ry’intwaro ku buryo tuba twizeye ko uruhande ruzakiriye, ruzikoresha neza. Ese bikorwa neza 100%, oya ariko ni ho tugana.”

Mu myaka yashize, Israel yafatiye ibihano ibihugu birimo Guinea Conakry kubera gukoresha nabi intwaro yagurishijwe. Icyo gihe yari yabujijwe kongera kugura intwaro runaka muri Israel, kandi iyo imyanzuro nk’iyo ireba n’ibihugu biba byafatiwe ibihano na Loni.

Ati “Iyo Loni ifashe umwanzuro ikagaragaza ko igihugu kiri kwitwara nabi, ikamenyesha ibihugu by’ibinyamuryango ko bikwiriye guhagarika kukigurishaho intwaro, kuri twe ni nk’uko waba utwaye imodoka ukabona Feux Rouge, icyo gihe urahagarara.”

Pegasus yakozwe n’Ikigo cyo muri Israel cyitwa NSO Group