Mu byumweru bibiri bishize ibinyamakuru byandika politiki i Burayi n’ahandi byasamiye hejuru inkuru ya ruswa ivuza ubuhuha mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya EU, yatumye Eva Kaili wari umwe mu ba Visi Perezida b’iyi nteko ahagarikwa kuri izo nshingano ndetse ajyanwa mu buroko.

Uyu mugore ukomoka mu Bugereki, amaze imyaka umunani mu Nteko ya EU, ni umwe mu bafatanywe igihanga bashinjwa kwakira ruswa ya Qatar ngo bajye batora amategeko n’imyanzuro itayibangamiye mu rugamba yarimo rwo kwakira Igikombe cy’Isi. Abantu batandatu bamaze gutabwa muri yombi i Bruxelles.

Muri make, bashinjwa kuba barakiraga amafaranga n’impano z’ibihugu by’amahanga ngo barengere inyungu zabyo mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya EU, ku isonga hakavugwa Qatar.

Mu buryo busa no gupfunda imitwe, umwavoka wa Kaili witwa Michalis Dimitrakopoulos kuri uyu wa Gatatu yabwiye urukiko rw’i Bruxelles, ko umukiriya we yagambaniwe n’umukunzi we kuko atari azi ko afite ibihumbi 150 by’amayero yafatanywe.

Umukunzi wa Kaili witwa Giorgi, ni umwe mu bantu bane ku ikubitiro batawe muri yombi bashinjwa ruswa, iyezandonke ndetse no kuba mu itsinda ry’abanyabyaha.

Umwavoka wa Kaili yavuze ko uyu mugore atari azi ko umukunzi we Giorgi, afite ariya mafaranga abimenye bituma ahihibikanira kuyasubiza aho yari ari, asaba Se kuyamujyanira ahandi acakirwa na polisi yikoreye isanduku irimo ayo mafaranga ayavanye kuri hoteli.

Umuryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane, Transparency International, uherutse kuvuga ko nubwo igurukanye umutanyu ari yo bavuga ko yayamaze, umuco wa ruswa mu Nteko y’u Burayi wabaye akarande kandi wakujijwe no kudahana abawimitse. Ibi ngo bidindiza imikorere y’inteko kuko inyungu z’abatanze agatubutse ari zo zishyirwa imbere.

Nyuma y’uko ubushinjacyaha mu Bubiligi buteye ibuye mu nteko, hakomeje kuvumbukamo byinshi ku buryo ihuriro ry’Aba-Socialistes n’Aba-Démocrates [S&D] muri iri nteko ryasabye abadepite benshi baryo kwegura ku myanya barifitemo kugira ngo batabangamira iperereza.

Perezida w’iri huriro, Iratxe García Pérez, yavuze ko ‘iri huriro na we ubwe bashenguwe n’ibirego bya ruswa bishinjwa bagenzi babo’.

García yavuze ko ‘bafashe icyemezo ko abadepite barimo gukorwaho iperereza cyangwa abo abanyamabanga babo barimo gukorwaho iperereza, bagomba kuva mu nshingano bafite mu nteko y’u Burayi no mu ihuriro mu gihe iperereza rigikomeje’.

Uyu mwanzuro watumye abandi badepite bane begura. Barimo Ababiligi Marc Tarabella, Maria Arena, Umubiligi weguye ku mwanya w’umuyobozi w’akanama k’uburenganzira bwa muntu, Umutaliyani Pietro Bartolo, wari ushinzwe ibya viza zo muri Qatar na Kuwait mu nteko, na Andrea Cozzolino weguye ku mwanya w’umuhuzabikorwa wa S&D.

Maria Arena yeguye kubera ko umwe mu banyamabanga be ukomoka mu Butaliyani arimo gukorwaho iperereza kuko Umuryango yakoreraga mu 2019 witwa Fight Impunity, uvugwa mu birego bya ruswa.

Ruswa yabatijwe Lobbying

Iyo witegereje neza ruswa ivugwa cyane mu bo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, usanga itangwa mu cyiswe ‘Lobbying’. Ibi ni ibikorwa byo kwigererayo bifite ijambo rikomeye cyane mu miyoborere y’Isi.

Ni umurimo wubahwa cyane kuko usunika inyungu uruhande runaka rufite nko mu bucuruzi n’izindi ngingo runaka, kugeza zumviswe ndetse zigahabwa agaciro n’abafata ibyemezo.

Hari ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo biyeguriye ibikorwa bya Lobbying. Urugero nko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, lobbying ni uruganda rukomeye ku buryo mu 2020 rwabarirwaga muri miliyari 3,5$, rukabarizwamo abantu barenga ibihumbi 12 n’ibigo birenga amagana.

Aba ba lobbyists ngo usanga bahorana amafaranga n’akarimi karyoshye, ubundi bagahora basubiramo imvugo zijyanye n’intego bashaka kumvikanisha, kugeza biciyemo.

Muri make, lobbyists byageze aho bafatwa nk’agatsiko k’abantu bakomeye kandi bigerera ahantu hose, baharanira inyungu z’ababahaye akaryo kandi bakazigeraho mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

Aba-Lobbyists usanga bariho kubera gutanga ruswa. Ufite icyo yifuza bamukorera, abaha ikiraka akabaha amafaranga arimo n’ayo batangamo ruswa. Mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika, EU n’ahandi ni ibintu byeze bimaze kumenyerwa nka misa ya mbere.

Reka dutange urugero ku bibazo by’umutekano muke muri RDC bikomeje kuba agatereranzamba ariko iki gihugu ntigihweme gushaka uwo kibyegekaho ku isonga u Rwanda. Mu gushaka abashimangira ibyo ivuga, RDC yishyura akayabo binyuze mu iturufu yo gutanga ruswa mu isura ya Lobbying.

Mu makuru agenda ajya hanze, agaragaza uburyo iki gihugu cyakomeje gushakisha amajwi yashyigikira imvugo zacyo hirya no hino, kugeza no ku badepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Burayi n’iya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.

Ukomeje kugarukwaho cyane ni Marie Arena, uyu ni Umudepite w’umubiligi ukunze kwibanda cyane ku bibazo bya Congo ariko cyane cyane akunze gushyira mu majwi u Rwanda. Umunyamabanga we bakoranaga cyane ku bibazo bya Afurika na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, arimo gukorwaho iperereza.

Imvugo ze ziganjemo kwibasira cyane u Rwanda. Ubwo umutwe wa M23 wuburaga imirwano, uyu mugore yanywanye n’ubutegetsi bwa RDC, ahagurukana imizi n’imiganda ashinja u Rwanda gufasha M23 imaze amezi hafi atanu yigaruriye Umujyi wa Bunagana.

Ni mu gihe abagize uyu mutwe bo bagaragaza ko icyo bashaka ari uko Leta ya Congo yubahiriza ibyo basezeranye mu 2013 n’ubu bitarashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Mu Ugushyingo uyu mwaka ubwo yari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, Marie Arena, yahagaze imbere ya bagenzi be avuga ko M23 ifashwa n’u Rwanda yatangije ibitero ku ngabo za Congo bishyira igihugu mu ihohoterwa ndengakamere kandi umutungo kamere ari wo ntandaro y’ibi bikorwa.

Ntibyatinze vuba aha EU yemera gutanga inkunga ya miliyoni 20 z’amayero izashyigikira ibikorwa by’ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique, mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado. Ni icyemezo gishingiye ku bufatanye bw’impande zombi bwo gushakira umuti ibibazo by’umutekano hirya no hino muri Afurika.

Nk’ibisanzwe, Marie Arena yarahagurutse anenga cyane iki cyemezo cya EU agira ati “Gufata icyemezo cyo gutanga miliyoni 20 z’amayero zo gushyigikira ingabo z’u Rwanda hatabanje kuzisaba guhagarika ubufasha ziha M23, ntabwo byemewe”.

Abakurikiranira hafi imvugo za Marie Arena ku Rwanda, bazihuza cyane na ruswa umunyamabanga we ashinjwa, bakibaza niba uyu munyamabanga atari ikiraro cyanyuzwagaho akayabo RDC yishyura Marie Arena ngo ayitakambire aharabika u Rwanda. Reka amaso tuyahange iperereza.

Uretse Marie Arena, amakuru yerekanye ko RDC inifashisha ikigo Ballard Partners ndetse imibare igaragaza ko bacyishyura 75000$ ku kwezi, hamwe na Scribe Strategies and Advisors cyishyurwa 50000$ ku kwezi.

Ikigo Ballard Partners cyigeze kwandikira email umwe mu bayobozi ba hafi b’umusenateri ukuriye Komisiyo y’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Sena, Robert Menendez, imusaba ubufasha mu guhangana n’u Rwanda.

Twibutse ko uyu Senateri Menendez yigeze kwandika ibaruwa asaba igihugu cye gukura amaboko ku Rwanda no guhagarika ubufasha bwose cyarugeneraga ngo kuko ‘abayobozi barwo bafite ibyaha byinshi bakoze bishimangirwa n’itabwa muri yombi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rya Paul Rusesabagina’.

Nyamara, mu 2015 Menendez yashinjwe ibyaha bya ruswa, iyezandonke, itonesha no gufata ku ngufu umwangavu. Ibi byose byatumye ababisesengura batahura ko uyu musaza yikundira ka bitugukwaha bibaza ku byo avuga n’ibyo akora.

Abifashijwemo n’aba lobbyists kandi, umukobwa wa Rusesabagina, Carine Kanimba yabashije kujya imbere y’abagize inteko ishinga amategeko asobanura uburyo ngo u Rwanda rumuneka, rwifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya Pegasus.

Aba bakomeje kujya inyuma ya Rusesabagina guhera na mbere ubwo yatangiraga gukorwaho iperereza, bakajya bagenda bamwamamaza nk’intwari, idakwiye gukurikiranwa mu Rwanda.

Ibimenyetso bya ruswa itangwa mu cyiswe lobbying ni byinshi. Mu mwaka wa 2017, nibwo byagiye ahabona ko Umuherwe w’Umunyarwanda, Tribert Ayabatwa Rujugiro, abinyujije kuri Dr David Himbara utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda, yishyuye ibihumbi byinshi by’amadolari ikigo gikora ubuvugizi mu guhuza inzego zitandukanye muri Amerika, Podesta Group. Ni ikigo gikorera i Washington, D.C.

Icyo kigo cyaje guhuza Himbara na bagenzi be bahunze igihugu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika, Christopher Smith, wari ukuriye agashami ka Komisiyo y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, kibanda kuri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara nk’uko bisabwa n’itegeko rya Amerika, yerekana ko Himbara yatangiye gukorana na Podesta Group muri Nzeri 2014, muri uwo mwaka yishyura 120 000$.

Mu 2015 yishyuye 140 000$, mu 2016 yishyura 120 000$, mu 2017 ho kugeza kugeza kuwa 20 Nyakanga yari amaze gutanga 60 000$, yose hamwe akangana na 440 000$, ni ukuvuga arenga miliyoni 372 Frw.

Mu mihuro yabaye, nk’uwo ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2015, Himbara yashinje leta y’u Rwanda gushyigikira iterabwoba, avuga ko Amerika nk’igihugu gifite amategeko arwanya ko ibihugu bishyigikira bene ibyo bikorwa “komisiyo yareba uko ayo mategeko yakoreshwa kuri leta y’u Rwanda.

Hashingiwe kuri ruswa ivuza ubuhuha mu nteko ya EU n’ahandi n’uburyo abayigize bihisha mu mutaka wa Lobbying bagakusanya akayabo ngo basige abandi icyasha, umuntu ashobora kwibaza aho bakura imbaraga zo gutanga amasomo ku burenganzira bwa muntu, kurwanya ruswa n’uburyo abantu bakwiye kwitwara.

Eva Kaili agomba kujya imbere y'urukiko agakurikiranwaho ibyaha bya ruswa