Ibyo bihe bidasanzwe byajyanye no guhindura ubutegetsi muri iyo ntara, ubuyobozi buhabwa abasirikare, abasivile bakurwaho, amategeko ya gisirikare ahabwa intebe muri izo ntara zimaze imyaka igera kuri 30 zarabaye indiri y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi 2021 nibwo Tshisekedi yashyizeho ibihe bidasanzwe, agamije kugarura umutekano muri ako gace nkuko yabyemereye abaturage ubwo yiyamamarizaga kuyobora icyo gihugu.

Nyuma y’amezi 19 Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru biyobowe gisirikare, ibintu byarushijeho kuzamba aho kujya mu buryo. Umutekano warushijeho kuba mubi ndetse ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nta cyizere cy’uko bizagenda neza mu bihe biri imbere.

Ubu amaso yose ahanzwe umutwe wa M23 ndetse Leta ya Congo ikomeje gukora ibishoboka byose ngo yumvikanishe ko uwo mutwe ari wo ntandaro y’ibibazo biri mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu, nyamara uwo mutwe uturanye n’indi isaga 130 igifite imbaraga kandi ibyo bihe bidasanzwe byaragiyeho utakirwana.

Hejuru y’uko Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru byahawe abayobozi ba gisirikare bahoze ubwabo mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, ibikorwa by’ingabo bayoboye nabyo bikomeje gushyira ibintu irudubi.

Loni igaragaza ko muri Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru hagati ya Kamena 2021 (ni ukuvuga uhereye ukwezi kumwe nyuma y’uko hashyizweho ibihe bidasanzwe), kugeza muri Werurwe 2022 ubwo M23 yatangizaga ibitero ku ngabo za Congo (FARDC), hari hamaze kwicwa abasivile 1261.

Ni umubare wikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’abasivile 559 bapfuye hagati ya Kamena 2020 na Werurwe 2021 ubwo izo ntara zari zitarashyirwa mu bihe bidasanzwe.

Umuryango Kivu Security Tracker ukurikiranira hafi ubugizi bwa nabi bwibasira abasivile mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ugaragaza ko mu mezi ane ya mbere y’ibihe bidasanzwe, hishwe abaturage 739. Muri abo bose, imitwe yitwaje intwaro yishe abaturage 672 mu gihe igisirikare cyishemo 67.

FARDC yamaze kumungwa

Umutwe wa M23 ni wo uhanzwe amaso uyu munsi nk’utera umutekano muke muri Congo, nyamara Kivu Security Tracker igaragaza ko utagaragara mu mitwe yica abaturage benshi. Nko mu 2021, ADF yonyine yishe abaturage 1050, umubare wikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’abo yishe mu 2020.

Ntabwo bisanzwe kumva aho igisirikare cy’igihugu gikorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu kugarura amahoro muri icyo gihugu imbere. Raporo y’Impuguke za Loni ku mutekano wa Congo, ziherutse kugaragaza ko ingabo z’icyo gihugu zikorana cyane n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu guhangana na M23.

Umuyobozi wa gisirikare mu gace ka Lubero muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru, Col Donat Mandonga aha yari ahetswe mu ngobyi n'abaturage ayoboye, ari kuzengurukana ifoto ya Perezida Tshisekedi

Imitwe yagaragajwe na Loni ikorana na FARDC harimo FDLR yasize ikoze Jenoside mu Rwanda, Codeco, PALECO, Mai Mai n’indi.

Inzobere zigaragaza ko mu bihe bitandukanye, abasirikare bakuru muri FARDC bagiye bahura n’iyo mitwe bagamije gushyira hamwe ngo barwanye M23. FARDC kandi yagiye igemurira intwaro n’ibiribwa iyo mitwe.

Thierry Vircoulon, Umushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’Abafaransa gishinzwe Ububanyi Mpuzamahanga (IFRI), umwaka ushize yabwiye Afrikarabia, ko myinshi mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ifitanye umubano wihariye n’abategetsi bakomeye i Kinshasa.

Ati “Imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta muri Congo ivuga ko hari isano ya bamwe mu bayobozi bakomoka muri Kivu ndetse n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Hari indi sano iteye ubwoba ivugwa ku mikoranire y’igisirikare cya Congo n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, utibagiwe n’abacuruzi bakomeye. Ni uruvange rw’ibintu byinshi.”

Abasirikare bakuru benshi bagiye boherezwa mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, byagiye bigaragara ko byababereye inzira yo kwikungahaza kurusha kwita ku gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage.

Mu ukuboza umwaka ushize Lt Col Marcel Kaligamire n’abandi basirikare babiri bakuru, bakatiwe burundu bashinjwa kunyereza intwaro bakazigurisha ku mutwe w’inyeshyamba wa Codeco.

Mu Ukwakira 2021, urukiko rwa gisirikare muri Ituri rwari rwakatiye abasirikare icyenda ibihano birimo igifungo cya burundu, bamaze guhamywa kunyereza amafaranga y’ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri iyo ntara.

Gen Peter Cirimwami wari umaze amezi make ahawe kuyobora ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Ituri, muri Nzeri 2022 yatawe muri yombi ashinjwa ubugambanyi, icyakora ntihigezwe hagaragazwa ibyaha nyabyo ashinjwa nubwo na we yari amaze igihe anugwanugwa mu binjije agatubutse binyuze muri ibyo bikorwa byo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Nta nyungu abategetsi bafite muri Kivu itekanye

Hagati y’Ugushyingo n’Ukuboza 2021, Minisitiri w’Ingabo muri RDC, Gilbert Kabanda yagiriye uruzinduko muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Ituri, agamije kureba ibibazo bitandukanye bituma ibihe bidasanzwe byashyizweho, bidatanga umusaruro nkuko bari babyiteze.

Muri raporo yashyikirije Minisitiri w’Intebe Sama Lukonde Kyenge yanabonywe n’ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique, igaragaza ko ingabo zoherejwe mur Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru zifite ibibazo bikomeye, bikeneye amavugurura adasanzwe ngo bikemuke.

Raporo ya Kabanda igaragaza ko abaturage ba Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru batabona ‘abasirikare ba Leta nk’inshuti’.

Yagaragaje kandi imikoranire mibi y’inzego z’umutekano nk’igisirikare, polisi, inzego z’ubutasi, kandi ko n’amafaranga Leta yagenewe ibyo bikorwa byo guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro adahagije nubwo n’ahari ‘akoreshwa nabi’.

Muri iyo raporo Kabanda avuga ko hari ikibazo cy’abasirikare n’abapolisi badahembwa, kuba abapfuye n’inkomere babasiga aho baguye ndetse abaganga bake mu gisirikare.

Yerekanye ko kubera ko nta buryo buhamye bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abahoze mu ngabo, hari abinjirirwa n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ikajya kubifashisha mu ntambara ihanganyemo na Leta.

Hari abasirikare Kabanda yasanze muri Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, nyamara nta nshingano zigaragara bahafite, hakaba abahari badafite ubushobozi n’ubumenyi bwo kurwana ndetse n’abagaragazwa mu mibare ko bahari ariko atahasanze.

Mu guhina raporo ye, Minisitiri w’Ingabo Kabanda yavuze ko hari imikorere ya ‘kibandi mu nzego z’umutekano’,, akaba ari amagambo yanavuzwe na Perezida Tshisekedi muri Kamena 2021, ubwo yemeraga ko mu ngabo ze harimo ‘mafia’.

Imikorere mibi y’igisirikare kandi inemezwa n’abaturage ba Ituri. Muri Nzeri 2021 hari umuturage wabwiye Human Rights Watch ko abasirikare iyo bumvise amasasu y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, bayabangira ingata aho kubatabara.

Uwo muturage yagize ati “ Hari umunsi twari twahawe amakuru ko umwanzi ari mu nzira ariko abasirikare ba Leta ntibigeze bajya gutangatanga ngo bahangane na we . Muri Idohu twari dufite abasirikare ariko bahise bahungira mu kigo cyabo kiri nko mu kilometer kimwe. Ntabwo tujya tumenya imikorere yabo.”

Mu gihe imbaraga zose zerekejwe kuri M23, iminsi 15 ya mbere y’umwaka 2023 abasivile 21 bamaze kwicwa utabariyemo abatarabarurwa biciwe mu gitero cy’ubwiyahuzi cyagabwe mu rusengero rwa Kasindi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kuri iki Cyumweru.

Thierry Vircoulon avuga ko nta musaruro n’umwe ibihe bidasanzwe n’ingufu za gisirikare bishobora kuzana mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, kuko ari inzira zageragejwe kenshi ariko bikanga.

Ati “Gushyiraho ibihe bidasanzwe bivuze guhereza igisirikare ubutegetsi bw’abasivile mu gihe tuzi neza ko igisirikare cya Congo nacyo kiri mu biteza ikibazo […] Byaradutangaje kubona Guverinoma ya Tshisekedi yumva ko yatsinda ikoresheje uburyo bw’igisirikare bwakoreshejwe mu gihe cyashize ntibutange umusaruro.”

Vircoulon yavuze ko ikibazo gikomeye kiri mu miyoborere ya Congo by’umwihariko mu nzego z’umutekano.

Ati “Hakenewe amavugurura mu miyoborere, ariko ntabwo byigeze bikorwa kuko nta nyungu abayobozi babigiramo. Tugomba kwerura, ntabwo ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo kizakemuka hatabayeho amavugurura mu gisirikare cya Leta.”

Nubwo bigaragara ko inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Congo zitarajwe ishinga n’ibibazo by’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba, Vircoulon anagaragaza ko ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihugu butinya cyane kuvugurura igisirikare kuko gishobora kubukuraho.

Ati “Guverinoma ya Congo ifite ubwoba bw’uburyo abayobozi b’igisirikare bakwitwara amavugurura aramutse akozwe.”

Deprose Muchena ushinzwe Amnesty International muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo, aheruka kuvuga ko imbaraga igisirikare cyahawe muri Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, nabyo biri mu bizambya ibintu.

Ati “Ubwo bubasha babwifashishije mu gucecekesha umuntu wese utinyutse gusaba ko habaho iperereza ku bikorwa bya Leta muri ako gace kahazahajwe n’amakimbirane.”

Kivu Security igaragaza ko guhera mu 2017, mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo hamaze kwicwa abantu 18618 mu gihe abandi 9179 bashimuswe .

Mu 2008 , muri icyo gice cya Congo habarurwaga imitwe yitwaje intwaro isaga 40, nyamara uyu munsi irarenga 120.

Raporo yakozwe na Leta ya Congo mu 2021 yagaragaje ko hari imikorere ya kibandi mu gisirikare ku buryo halenewe amavugurura adasanzwe